China's aggressive tactics in the South China Sea have been escalating over the years, with Beijing using "grey zone" methods to assert control over disputed waters without sparking open conflict. According to Gregory Poling, director of the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), these tactics have limited Southeast Asian nations from operating freely within their own exclusive economic zones (EEZs) since 2013.
Maritime harassment, blockades, and aggressive patrols by the China Coast Guard (CCG) and maritime militia are among the methods employed by Beijing to assert its claims. The establishment of missile-protected island bases, including Mischief Reef within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone, is a clear demonstration of China's intent to assert its dominance over the region.
The 2016 international arbitration ruling that invalidated China's territorial claims in the South China Sea has been ignored by Beijing. The joint drills between the US and Philippine militaries are seen as a response to this growing threat, with the aim of maintaining regional stability and upholding international law.